Unit 3: Equality - discrimination on the ground of nationality and sex

CJEU decisions:

• Judgment of the Court of 12 February 1974, Giovanni Maria Sotgiu v Deutsche Bundespost, Case 152-73.

• Judgment of the Court of 31 March 1981, J.P. Jenkins v Kingsgate (Clothing Productions) Ltd, Case 96/80.

• Judgment of the Court of 27 October 1993, Dr. Pamela Mary Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority and Secretary of State for Health, Case C-127/92.

• Judgment of the Court of 9 February 1999, Regina v Secretary of State for Employment, ex parte Nicole Seymour-Smith and Laura Perez, Case C-167/97.

• Judgment of the Court of 13 May 1986, Bilka - Kaufhaus GmbH v Karin Weber von Hartz, Case 170/84.

• Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 13 July 1989, Ingrid Rinner-Kühn v FWW Spezial-Gebäudereinigung GmbH & Co. KG, Case 171/88.

• Judgment of the Court of 14 December 1995, Inge Nolte v Landesversicherungsanstalt Hannover, Case C-317/93.

Questions:

Describe the different techniques to establish an indirect discirmination.

Describe the different steps of comparison to establish sex-discrimination.

Describe the different levels of scrutiny over employer’s justifications.